Processing keyword: 依然 (yīrán) - Still, as before

Mandarin Grammar Point: 依然 (yīrán) - Still, as before

依然 (yīrán) - Still, as before

1. Introduction

The term 依然 (yīrán) is used to express the idea of remaining the same or continuing in a state as before. It often conveys a sense of continuity, indicating that a situation has not changed over time.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

• Meaning: "依然" translates to "still" or "as before" in English. It emphasizes that something remains unchanged or that a certain state persists.

• Structure:

  • Typically, 依然 is used as an adverb at the beginning or within the sentence, preceding the verb or adjective it modifies.

Formation Diagram

[依然] + [Subject] + [Verb/Adjective] + ...

Example:

• 依然 + 她 + 快乐 (yīrán tā kuàilè) — "She is still happy."

3. Comparative Analysis

Comparison with 还是 (háishi) and 还 (hái)

While both 还是 and 还 can indicate continuation, they are used differently:

• 依然 (yīrán): Conveys a sense of unchanged state (e.g., 依然快乐 - still happy).
• 还是 (háishi): Can imply "or" in a question context (e.g., 你喝茶还是咖啡? - Do you drink tea or coffee?).
• 还 (hái): Used for something that continues but not necessarily unchanged (e.g., 我还在工作 - I am still working).

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. Formal:
   • 尽管面临困难，他依然保持乐观态度。
   • (Jǐnguǎn miànlín kùnnán, tā yīrán bǎochí lèguān tàidù.)
   • "Despite facing difficulties, he still maintains a positive attitude."
2. Informal:
   • 昨天的活动真有趣，今天依然想去。
   • (Zuótiān de huódòng zhēn yǒuqù, jīntiān yīrán xiǎng qù.)
   • "Yesterday's event was really interesting; I still want to go today."
3. Written:
   • 在经历了这么多风雨后，他的决心依然坚定。
   • (Zài jīnglìle zhème duō fēngyǔ hòu, tā de juéxīn yīrán jiāndìng.)
   • "After going through so many storms, his determination is still steadfast."
4. Spoken:
   • 我依然爱你，即使你不在我身边。
   • (Wǒ yīrán ài nǐ, jìshǐ nǐ bú zài wǒ shēnbiān.)
   • "I still love you, even if you are not by my side."

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

• The use of 依然 reflects a common cultural value in Chinese society: persistence and resilience. Expressing continuity despite challenges is often seen as a positive trait in Chinese culture.

Levels of Politeness and Formality

• 依然 is neutral in formality and can be used in both casual and formal contexts. It does not convey an overt level of politeness but is appropriate for various conversational settings.

Idiomatic Expressions

• 依然如故 (yīrán rú gù) means "still the same as before," often used to describe a person's unchanging nature or feelings.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

• Misuse: Some learners may confuse 依然 with 还. Remember, 依然 indicates a situation that remains unchanged, while 还 may imply continuity or an addition.

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Associate 依然 with "I remain" to remember it expresses continuity.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• 依然 means "still" or "as before."
• It is used to indicate that something remains unchanged.
• It is different from similar expressions like 还是 and 还 in its specific usage.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. Translate the following sentence: 她的笑容依然灿烂。
2. What does 依然 primarily express in a sentence?
3. How does 依然 differ from 直到? Feel free to let me know if you would like to delve into any specific examples or further explanations!