Processing keyword: 但是 (dànshì) - But, however

Mandarin Grammar Point: 但是 (dànshì) - But, however

Detailed Grammar Explanation: 但是 (dànshì) - But, However

1. Introduction

The conjunction "但是" (dànshì) is used in Mandarin to indicate contrast. It is analogous to the English "but" or "however." In conversation and writing, it connects two statements where the second statement contradicts or presents a different perspective on the first.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning

"但是" expresses a contrast between two phrases or sentences. It indicates that while something may be true in the first statement, the second statement presents a differing or conflicting situation.

Structure

The basic structure is:

[Statement A], 但是 (dànshì) [Statement B].

Formation Diagram:

+---------------------+
|    Statement A      |
|                     |
|   (Contradictory)  |
|         +           |
|   但是 (dànshì)     |
|         +           |
|    Statement B      |
+---------------------+

Visual Aids

3. Comparative Analysis

Similar Grammar Points

• 可是 (kěshì): Similar to "但是," but slightly less formal.
  • Example: "我想去，但是我没有时间。" (Wǒ xiǎng qù, dànshì wǒ méiyǒu shíjiān. - I want to go, but I don't have time.) vs. "我想去，可是我没有时间。" (Wǒ xiǎng qù, kěshì wǒ méiyǒu shíjiān. - I want to go, but I don't have time.)

Differences

• "但是" is more commonly used in written or formal contexts, while "可是" is used in spoken, informal contexts more frequently.

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. Formal:
   • 我很忙，但是我会抽时间帮你。(Wǒ hěn máng, dànshì wǒ huì chōu shíjiān bāng nǐ.)
   • (I am very busy, but I will take time to help you.)
2. Informal:
   • 他很聪明，但是不喜欢学习。(Tā hěn cōngmíng, dànshì bù xǐhuān xuéxí.)
   • (He is very smart, but he doesn't like studying.)
3. Written:
   • 这本书很有意思，但是很难懂。(Zhè běn shū hěn yǒuyìsi, dànshì hěn nán dǒng.)
   • (This book is very interesting, but it is hard to understand.)
4. Spoken:
   • 我们可以去看电影，但是我得先完成作业。(Wǒmen kěyǐ qù kàn diànyǐng, dànshì wǒ dé xiān wánchéng zuòyè.)
   • (We can go to the movies, but I have to finish my homework first.)

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

In Chinese culture, expressing disagreement or presenting contrasting ideas politely is essential. "但是" provides a way to present a differing opinion without seeming confrontational.

Levels of Politeness

• "但是" is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal settings, making it sound courteous and respectful.

Idiomatic Expressions

• 这不是一件容易的事，但是我会尽力去做。(Zhè bùshì yī jiàn róngyì de shì, dànshì wǒ huì jìnlì qù zuò.)
  • (This is not an easy task, but I will try my best to do it.)

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

• Many learners confuse "但是" with "可是." While they can often be used interchangeably, remember that "但是" is more formal and preferred in writing.

Learning Strategies

• Associate "但是" with the English word "but." Whenever you think of applying a contrasting idea, remember to use "但是" to express that.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• "但是" (dànshì) means "but" or "however."
• It is used to indicate contrast between two statements.
• It is commonly used in both spoken and written Mandarin, with a more formal tone compared to "可是."

Quick Recap Quiz

1. Translate the following sentence: "I like tea, but I don't drink it often."
   • (Answer: 我喜欢茶，但是我不常喝。)
2. Fill in the blank: "我想去旅行，______工作太忙了。" (Translate to: I want to travel, but I'm too busy with work.)
   • (Answer: 但是)
3. Which is more formal: "但是" or "可是"?
   • (Answer: 但是) This organized overview should give you a comprehensive understanding of "但是" (dànshì) and how to use it effectively in Mandarin!