Processing keyword: ~(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라 [(eu)l ppunman anira] (Not only... but also...)
Korean Grammar Point: ~(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라 [(eu)l ppunman anira] (Not only... but also...)
1. Introduction
In this lesson, we'll explore the Korean grammar point ~(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라, which translates to "not only... but also..." in English. This structure is used to connect two clauses, highlighting that not only the first situation exists but the second one as well. Understanding this grammar point will help you express additional information and enhance the complexity of your sentences.
2. Core Grammar Explanation
Meaning
~(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라 is used to:
- Indicate that what's stated in the second clause is in addition to what's stated in the first clause.
- Emphasize that both clauses hold true, highlighting the addition of information.
Structure
The formation of ~(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라 depends on whether the verb stem ends with a vowel or a consonant.
Formation Diagram
| Verb Stem Ending | Attach | Example Verb | Conjugation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vowel or 'ㄹ' | -ㄹ 뿐만 아니라 | 가다 (to go) | 갈 뿐만 아니라 |
| Consonant | -을 뿐만 아니라 | 먹다 (to eat) | 먹을 뿐만 아니라 |
| Noun | Noun + 일 뿐만 아니라 (noun + 일) | 학생 (student) | 학생일 뿐만 아니라 |
Conjugation Steps
- Identify the verb or adjective stem.
- Check if the stem ends with a vowel or consonant.
- Attach -ㄹ 뿐만 아니라 (vowel or 'ㄹ' ending) or -을 뿐만 아니라 (consonant ending).
Examples:
- 가다 → 가 + ㄹ 뿐만 아니라 → 갈 뿐만 아니라
- 먹다 → 먹 + 을 뿐만 아니라 → 먹을 뿐만 아니라
3. Comparative Analysis
Similar Grammar Points
- ~(으)ㄴ/는 데다가: Also means "in addition to" or "not only... but also...".
Differences:
- ~(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라 often implies that the second clause adds more weight or emphasis to the first clause.
- ~(으)ㄴ/는 데다가 is used when the two clauses are similar in nature and simply adding information.
Example:
- 그는 똑똑할 뿐만 아니라 친절하다.
(Not only is he smart, but he's also kind.) - 그는 똑똑한 데다가 운동도 잘한다.
(He is smart, and in addition, he is good at sports.)
4. Examples in Context
Formal Speech
- 그녀는 한국어를 잘할 뿐만 아니라 중국어도 할 줄 압니다.
Not only does she speak Korean well, but she can also speak Chinese. - 이 제품은 품질이 좋을 뿐만 아니라 가격도 저렴합니다.
Not only is this product of good quality, but it's also affordable.
Informal Speech
- 오늘은 비가 올 뿐만 아니라 바람도 많이 불어.
Not only is it raining today, but it's also very windy. - 그 사람은 재미있을 뿐만 아니라 매너도 좋아.
Not only is that person funny, but they also have good manners.
Written Context
- 환경오염은 인간의 건강에 해로울 뿐만 아니라 지구의 미래를 위협한다.
Environmental pollution not only harms human health but also threatens the future of the Earth. - 이 책은 내용이 유익할 뿐만 아니라 글쓰기도 훌륭하다.
This book not only has useful content but is also well-written.
Spoken Context
- A: 이 영화 어때요?
B: 재미있을 뿐만 아니라 감동적이었어요.
A: How is this movie?
B: Not only was it interesting, but it was also touching. - A: 저 가수 알아요?
B: 노래를 잘할 뿐만 아니라 춤도 정말 잘 춰요.
A: Do you know that singer?
B: Not only does he sing well, but he also dances really well.
5. Cultural Notes
Cultural Relevance
Understanding emphasis in Korean is important because:
- Politeness and emphasis: Koreans often use structures like ~(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라 to emphasize points politely.
- Collective culture: Adding information shows thoroughness, which is valued in Korean society.
Idiomatic Expressions
- 얼굴이 예쁠 뿐만 아니라 마음도 아름답다.
Not only is she pretty, but her heart is also beautiful.
(An idiomatic way to compliment someone's appearance and character.)
6. Common Mistakes and Tips
Error Analysis
- Using the wrong conjugation: Forgetting to use ㄹ or 을 based on the stem ending.
Incorrect: 가다 → 가을 뿐만 아니라 ❌
Correct: 가다 → 갈 뿐만 아니라 ✅ - Misplacing the negative: Misunderstanding that 뿐만 아니라 is not a negative form despite "not only" in English.
Learning Strategies
- Mnemonic Device: Think of "뿐만 아니라" as "plus" information. Both clauses are positive additions.
- Practice conjugation: Make a list of verbs and practice attaching ~(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라 accordingly.
7. Summary and Review
Key Takeaways
- ~(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라 is used to express "not only... but also..." in Korean.
- Attach -ㄹ 뿐만 아니라 after vowel-ending stems, and -을 뿐만 아니라 after consonant-ending stems.
- It emphasizes that both the first and the second clauses are true.
Quick Recap Quiz
- How do you conjugate 읽다 (to read) with ~(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라?
- Answer: 읽을 뿐만 아니라
- Translate the following sentence:
그는 영어를 배울 뿐만 아니라 스페인어도 배워요.
- Answer: Not only is he learning English, but he's also learning Spanish.
- True or False: ~(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라 can be used to connect two unrelated clauses.
- Answer: False (They should be related in context, with the second adding information to the first.)
Congratulations! You've learned how to use ~(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라 to enhance your Korean sentences by adding more information and emphasis. Keep practicing by creating your own sentences using this grammar point.