Processing keyword: ~할 것이다 [hal geotida] (Will, shall)

Korean Grammar Point: ~할 것이다 [hal geotida] (Will, shall)

Korean Grammar Lesson: ~할 것이다 [hal geotida] (Will, Shall)

1. Introduction

In Korean, expressing future actions or events is often achieved using the grammar pattern ~할 것이다. This construction translates to "will" or "shall" in English and is widely used to indicate intentions, plans, or predictions about the future.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning

The expression ~할 것이다 is used to:

• Indicate a future action or event.
• Express the speaker's intention or plan.
• Make a prediction or assumption about what will happen.

Structure

To form this future tense expression, combine the verb stem with -ㄹ/을 것이다.

Formation

1. Verb Stem + -ㄹ/을 + 것이다

How to Form

1. Identify the Verb Stem: Remove -다 from the dictionary form of the verb.

   Verb (Dictionary Form)	Verb Stem
   가다 (to go)	가
   먹다 (to eat)	먹
   하다 (to do)	하
   읽다 (to read)	읽
   공부하다 (to study)	공부하

2. Add the Future Tense Marker (-ㄹ/을):
   • If the verb stem ends with a vowel, add -ㄹ.
   • If the verb stem ends with a consonant, add -을.

     Verb Stem	Ending Letter	Future Marker	Future Form
     가	Vowel	-ㄹ	갈
     먹	Consonant	-을	먹을
     하	Vowel	-ㄹ	할
     읽	Consonant	-을	읽을
     공부하	Vowel	-ㄹ	공부할

3. Add 것이다:
   • Attach 것이다 to the future-marked verb stem.

     Future Verb Stem	Add 것이다	Full Future Form
     갈	갈 + 것이다	갈 것이다
     먹을	먹을 + 것이다	먹을 것이다
     할	할 + 것이다	할 것이다
     읽을	읽을 + 것이다	읽을 것이다
     공부할	공부할 + 것이다	공부할 것이다

Conjugation of 것이다

것이다 can be conjugated to match different levels of politeness and speech styles.

Politeness Levels

Examples

• Formal: 갈 것입니다.
• Informal Polite: 갈 거예요.
• Informal Casual: 갈 거야.

3. Comparative Analysis

Comparing ~할 것이다 and ~(으)ㄹ 거예요

Both ~할 것이다 and ~(으)ㄹ 거예요 are used to express future actions, but they differ slightly in formality and usage.

Nuances

• ~할 것이다 is often used in formal writing, presentations, or when speaking to someone of higher status.
• ~(으)ㄹ 거예요 is more common in daily conversations and is considered less formal.

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

Formal Situations

1. 회의는 오후 2시에 시작할 것입니다.
   • The meeting will start at 2 PM.
2. 저는 대학에서 경제학을 전공할 것입니다.
   • I will major in economics at university.
3. 회사는 새 제품을 출시할 것입니다.
   • The company will launch a new product.

Informal Polite Conversations

1. 주말에 친구를 만날 거예요.
   • I will meet a friend on the weekend.
2. 내일 비가 올 거예요.
   • It will rain tomorrow.
3. 곧 점심을 먹을 거예요.
   • I will have lunch soon.

Informal Casual Speech

1. 나중에 너한테 전화할 거야.
   • I will call you later.
2. 우리는 여행을 갈 거야.
   • We will go on a trip.
3. 오늘 밤에 파티에 갈 거야?
   • Will you go to the party tonight?

Negative Form

To make the future tense negative, add 안 before the verb or use -지 않을 것이다.

1. 그는 오지 않을 것입니다.
   • He will not come.
2. 나는 술을 마시지 않을 거예요.
   • I will not drink alcohol.
3. 우리는 거기에 가지 않을 거야.
   • We won't go there.

Questions

1. 내일 뭐 할 거예요?
   • What will you do tomorrow?
2. 졸업 후에 어떤 계획이 있을 것입니다?
   • What plans will you have after graduation?
3. 저녁에 같이 식사할 거야?
   • Will you have dinner together?

5. Cultural Notes

Politeness and Social Hierarchies

• In Korean culture, language reflects respect and social hierarchy.
• Using the correct level of formality is crucial.
  • ~할 것입니다: Used in formal contexts, such as presentations or talking to superiors.
  • ~(으)ㄹ 거예요: Appropriate for most daily interactions.
  • ~(으)ㄹ 거야: Reserved for close friends or those younger than the speaker.

Idiomatic Expressions Using ~할 것이다

1. 좋은 일이 있을 것입니다.
   • Good things will happen.
2. 모든 게 잘 될 거예요.
   • Everything will be okay.
3. 곧 알게 될 것입니다.
   • You will know soon. These expressions often convey hope, reassurance, or certainty about the future.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Common Mistakes

1. Omitting the Future Marker -ㄹ/을
   • Incorrect: 내일 도서관에 가 것예요.
   • Correct: 내일 도서관에 갈 거예요.
2. Using the Wrong Politeness Level
   • Using casual speech in a formal setting can be disrespectful.
   • Incorrect (to a boss): 보고서를 보낼 거야.
   • Correct: 보고서를 보낼 것입니다.

Tips for Learners

• Remember the Vowel and Consonant Rule:
  • If the verb stem ends with a vowel, add -ㄹ.
    • 가다 → 갈 것이다
  • If the verb stem ends with a consonant, add -을.
    • 먹다 → 먹을 것이다
• Practice Politeness Levels:
  • Use ~할 것입니다 in formal writing or speeches.
  • Use ~(으)ㄹ 거예요 in polite everyday conversation.
  • Use ~(으)ㄹ 거야 with close friends.
• Mnemonic Device:
  • Vowel + ㄹ, Consonant + 을.
    • Think "Very Likely" (Vowel + ㄹ)
    • "Certain Event" (Consonant + 을)

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• ~할 것이다 is used to express future actions, intentions, or predictions.
• Form it by adding -ㄹ/을 to the verb stem, followed by 것이다.
• Adjust the ending to match the appropriate level of politeness.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. Fill in the blank: 어떻게 미래 시제를 만들어요?
   • Answer: Verb stem + -ㄹ/을 + 것이다
2. Choose the correct future tense form for the verb "받다" (to receive): a) 받을 것이다 b) 받을 거예요 c) Both a and b are correct depending on formality.
   • Answer: c) Both a and b are correct depending on formality.
3. Translate into Korean using the appropriate level of formality: "We will start the project next month."
   • Answer: 우리는 다음 달에 프로젝트를 시작할 것입니다.

Continue practicing by creating your own sentences using ~할 것이다 to describe future plans or actions. Understanding and using this grammar point will significantly enhance your ability to communicate about future events in Korean.