Processing keyword: ~할 것이다 [hal geotida] (Will, shall)

Korean Grammar Point: ~할 것이다 [hal geotida] (Will, shall)

1. Introduction

In Korean, expressing future actions or events is often achieved using the grammar pattern ~할 것이다. This construction translates to "will" or "shall" in English and is widely used to indicate intentions, plans, or predictions about the future.

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2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning

The expression ~할 것이다 is used to:

• Indicate a future action or event.
• Express the speaker's intention or plan.
• Make a prediction or assumption about what will happen.

Structure

To form this future tense expression, combine the verb stem with -ㄹ/을 것이다.

Formation

1. Verb Stem + -ㄹ/을 + 것이다

How to Form

1. Identify the Verb Stem: Remove -다 from the dictionary form of the verb.

   Verb (Dictionary Form)	Verb Stem
   가다 (to go)	가
   먹다 (to eat)	먹
   하다 (to do)	하
   읽다 (to read)	읽
   공부하다 (to study)	공부하

2. Add the Future Tense Marker (-ㄹ/을):

   • If the verb stem ends with a vowel, add -ㄹ.
   • If the verb stem ends with a consonant, add -을.

   Verb Stem	Ending Letter	Future Marker	Future Form
   가	Vowel	-ㄹ	갈
   먹	Consonant	-을	먹을
   하	Vowel	-ㄹ	할
   읽	Consonant	-을	읽을
   공부하	Vowel	-ㄹ	공부할

3. Add 것이다:

   • Attach 것이다 to the future-marked verb stem.

   Future Verb Stem	Add 것이다	Full Future Form
   갈	갈 + 것이다	갈 것이다
   먹을	먹을 + 것이다	먹을 것이다
   할	할 + 것이다	할 것이다
   읽을	읽을 + 것이다	읽을 것이다
   공부할	공부할 + 것이다	공부할 것이다

Conjugation of 것이다

것이다 can be conjugated to match different levels of politeness and speech styles.

Politeness Levels

Speech Style	Ending	Usage
Formal	것입니다	Formal situations (speeches, writing)
Informal Polite	거예요	Everyday polite conversations
Informal Casual	거야	Casual speech among close friends

Examples

• Formal: 갈 것입니다.
• Informal Polite: 갈 거예요.
• Informal Casual: 갈 거야.

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3. Comparative Analysis

Comparing ~할 것이다 and ~(으)ㄹ 거예요

Both ~할 것이다 and ~(으)ㄹ 거예요 are used to express future actions, but they differ slightly in formality and usage.

Grammar Point	Usage	Example
~할 것이다	More formal; written language	제가 다음 주에 출장을 갈 것입니다.
~(으)ㄹ 거예요	Informal polite; spoken language	저는 내일 영화를 볼 거예요.

Nuances

• ~할 것이다 is often used in formal writing, presentations, or when speaking to someone of higher status.
• ~(으)ㄹ 거예요 is more common in daily conversations and is considered less formal.

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4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

Formal Situations

1. 회의는 오후 2시에 시작할 것입니다.
   • The meeting will start at 2 PM.
2. 저는 대학에서 경제학을 전공할 것입니다.
   • I will major in economics at university.
3. 회사는 새 제품을 출시할 것입니다.
   • The company will launch a new product.

Informal Polite Conversations

1. 주말에 친구를 만날 거예요.
   • I will meet a friend on the weekend.
2. 내일 비가 올 거예요.
   • It will rain tomorrow.
3. 곧 점심을 먹을 거예요.
   • I will have lunch soon.

Informal Casual Speech

1. 나중에 너한테 전화할 거야.
   • I will call you later.
2. 우리는 여행을 갈 거야.
   • We will go on a trip.
3. 오늘 밤에 파티에 갈 거야?
   • Will you go to the party tonight?

Negative Form

To make the future tense negative, add 안 before the verb or use -지 않을 것이다.

1. 그는 오지 않을 것입니다.
   • He will not come.
2. 나는 술을 마시지 않을 거예요.
   • I will not drink alcohol.
3. 우리는 거기에 가지 않을 거야.
   • We won't go there.

Questions

1. 내일 뭐 할 거예요?
   • What will you do tomorrow?
2. 졸업 후에 어떤 계획이 있을 것입니다?
   • What plans will you have after graduation?
3. 저녁에 같이 식사할 거야?
   • Will you have dinner together?

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5. Cultural Notes

Politeness and Social Hierarchies

• In Korean culture, language reflects respect and social hierarchy.
• Using the correct level of formality is crucial.
  • ~할 것입니다: Used in formal contexts, such as presentations or talking to superiors.
  • ~(으)ㄹ 거예요: Appropriate for most daily interactions.
  • ~(으)ㄹ 거야: Reserved for close friends or those younger than the speaker.

Idiomatic Expressions Using ~할 것이다

1. 좋은 일이 있을 것입니다.
   • Good things will happen.
2. 모든 게 잘 될 거예요.
   • Everything will be okay.
3. 곧 알게 될 것입니다.
   • You will know soon. These expressions often convey hope, reassurance, or certainty about the future.

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6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Common Mistakes

1. Omitting the Future Marker -ㄹ/을
   • Incorrect: 내일 도서관에 가 것예요.
   • Correct: 내일 도서관에 갈 거예요.
2. Using the Wrong Politeness Level
   • Using casual speech in a formal setting can be disrespectful.
   • Incorrect (to a boss): 보고서를 보낼 거야.
   • Correct: 보고서를 보낼 것입니다.

Tips for Learners

• Remember the Vowel and Consonant Rule:
  • If the verb stem ends with a vowel, add -ㄹ.
    • 가다 → 갈 것이다
  • If the verb stem ends with a consonant, add -을.
    • 먹다 → 먹을 것이다
• Practice Politeness Levels:
  • Use ~할 것입니다 in formal writing or speeches.
  • Use ~(으)ㄹ 거예요 in polite everyday conversation.
  • Use ~(으)ㄹ 거야 with close friends.
• Mnemonic Device:
  • Vowel + ㄹ, Consonant + 을.
    • Think "Very Likely" (Vowel + ㄹ)
    • "Certain Event" (Consonant + 을)

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7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• ~할 것이다 is used to express future actions, intentions, or predictions.
• Form it by adding -ㄹ/을 to the verb stem, followed by 것이다.
• Adjust the ending to match the appropriate level of politeness.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. Fill in the blank: 어떻게 미래 시제를 만들어요?
   • Answer: Verb stem + -ㄹ/을 + 것이다
2. Choose the correct future tense form for the verb "받다" (to receive): a) 받을 것이다 b) 받을 거예요 c) Both a and b are correct depending on formality.
   • Answer: c) Both a and b are correct depending on formality.
3. Translate into Korean using the appropriate level of formality: "We will start the project next month."
   • Answer: 우리는 다음 달에 프로젝트를 시작할 것입니다.

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Continue practicing by creating your own sentences using ~할 것이다 to describe future plans or actions. Understanding and using this grammar point will significantly enhance your ability to communicate about future events in Korean.

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