Processing keyword: ~๋ง๋ค [mada] (Every)
Korean Grammar Point: ~๋ง๋ค [mada] (Every)
1. Introduction
In Korean, the particle ~๋ง๋ค ([mada]) is used to express the meaning of "every" or "each." It is attached directly to nouns to indicate regularity or repetition in time, space, or occurrences.
2. Core Grammar Explanation
Meaning
- ~๋ง๋ค means "every," "each," or "per."
- It denotes that an action or event happens regularly at certain intervals or applies to every instance of something.
Structure
- Noun + ~๋ง๋ค
Formation Diagram
[Noun] + ๋ง๋ค
Examples of Nouns:
- ๋ (day)
- ์๊ฐ (hour)
- ์ฌ๋ (person)
- ์ง (house)
Full Structure:
- ๋ + ๋ง๋ค = ๋ ๋ง๋ค (every day)
- ์๊ฐ + ๋ง๋ค = ์๊ฐ๋ง๋ค (every hour)
- ์ฌ๋ + ๋ง๋ค = ์ฌ๋๋ง๋ค (each person)
- ์ง + ๋ง๋ค = ์ง๋ง๋ค (every house)
Visual Aid: Table
Noun | + ๋ง๋ค | Meaning |
---|---|---|
๋ (day) | ๋ ๋ง๋ค | Every day |
์ฃผ (week) | ์ฃผ๋ง๋ค | Every week |
๋ฌ (month) | ๋ฌ๋ง๋ค | Every month |
ํด (year) | ํด๋ง๋ค | Every year |
์ฌ๋ (person) | ์ฌ๋๋ง๋ค | Each person |
3. Comparative Analysis
Comparing ~๋ง๋ค with Similar Grammar Points
~๋ง๋ค vs. ~(์ผ)ใน ๋๋ง๋ค
- ~๋ง๋ค
- Attached directly to a noun.
- Means "every" or "each."
- Example: ์ฃผ๋ง๋ค (every week)
- ~(์ผ)ใน ๋๋ง๋ค
- Attached to a verb stem.
- Means "whenever" or "every time (something happens)."
- Example: ๋ณผ ๋๋ง๋ค (every time I see)
~์ฉ
- ~์ฉ
- Indicates distribution, meaning "each" or "apiece."
- Focuses on the amount or quantity.
- Example: ํ๋์ฉ (one each)
- Difference:
- ~๋ง๋ค emphasizes time intervals or every instance.
- ~์ฉ emphasizes distribution to individuals.
4. Examples in Context
Example Sentences
- ๋ ๋ง๋ค ์ด๋ํด์.
- I exercise every day.
- ์๊ฐ๋ง๋ค ๋ฒ์ค๊ฐ ์์.
- The bus comes every hour.
- ํ์๋ง๋ค ์๊ฒฌ์ด ๋ฌ๋ผ์.
- Each student has a different opinion.
- ์ง๋ง๋ค ๊ฝ์ด ์์ด์.
- Every house has flowers.
- ๋์๋ง๋ค ๋ฌธํ๊ฐ ๋ฌ๋ผ์.
- Every city has a different culture.
- ์ํ๋ง๋ค ์ข์ ์ ์๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์์ด์.
- I got good scores on every exam.
- ์ฃผ๋ง๋ง๋ค ์น๊ตฌ๋ค์ ๋ง๋์.
- I meet my friends every weekend.
- ์ฌ๋๋ง๋ค ์ทจํฅ์ด ๋ฌ๋ผ์.
- Each person has different tastes.
Context Variations
- Formal Speech
- ํ์๋ ๋ฌ๋ง๋ค ์์ต๋๋ค.
- There is a meeting every month.
- ํ์๋ ๋ฌ๋ง๋ค ์์ต๋๋ค.
- Informal Speech
- ์ฃผ๋ง๋ง๋ค ๋ญ ํด?
- What do you do every weekend?
- ์ฃผ๋ง๋ง๋ค ๋ญ ํด?
- Written Context
- ์ด ์ฑ
์ ํ์ด์ง๋ง๋ค ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ์์ด์.
- This book has illustrations on every page.
- ์ด ์ฑ
์ ํ์ด์ง๋ง๋ค ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ์์ด์.
- Spoken Context
- ๋ฒ์ค๋ ๋ช ๋ถ๋ง๋ค ์์?
- How often does the bus come?
(Literally: "The bus comes every how many minutes?")
- How often does the bus come?
- ๋ฒ์ค๋ ๋ช ๋ถ๋ง๋ค ์์?
5. Cultural Notes
Cultural Relevance
- In Korean culture, punctuality and regularity are valued.
- Expressions like ~๋ง๋ค are commonly used to discuss schedules, routines, and cultural norms.
- Using ~๋ง๋ค conveys a sense of consistency and reliability.
Idiomatic Expressions
- ๋๋ง๋ค
- Used with verbs to express "every time."
- Example:
๋น๊ฐ ์ฌ ๋๋ง๋ค ์๊ฐ๋์.
I think of you every time it rains.
- ๊ณณ๊ณณ๋ง๋ค
- Means "everywhere" or "in every place."
- Example:
๋ด์๋ ๊ณณ๊ณณ๋ง๋ค ๊ฝ์ด ํผ์ด์.
In spring, flowers bloom everywhere.
- ๋ฒ๋ง๋ค
- Means "every time" or "each time."
- Example:
์ ํํ ๋๋ง๋ค ํตํ ์ค์ด์์ด์.
Every time I called, the line was busy.
6. Common Mistakes and Tips
Common Mistakes
- Attaching ~๋ง๋ค to Verbs or Adjectives
- Incorrect:
๋จน๋ค๋ง๋ค - Correct:
๋จน์ ๋๋ง๋ค (Every time I eat)
- Incorrect:
- Using ~๋ง๋ค with Countable Nouns Incorrectly
- Incorrect:
์ฌ๊ณผ๋ง๋ค ์ธ ๊ฐ ์์ด์.
(I bought three apples every apple.) - Correct:
์ฌ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ฉ ์์ด์.
(I bought three apples each.)
- Incorrect:
Tips
- **Attach ~๋ง๋ค directly to nouns without any changes.
- For expressing "every time" with verbs, use ~(์ผ)ใน ๋๋ง๋ค.
- Mnemonic Device:
Think of ๋ง๋ค as "every matter" โ every noun it attaches to becomes "every [noun]."
7. Summary and Review
Key Takeaways
- ~๋ง๋ค is used to express "every" or "each" when attached to nouns.
- It emphasizes regularity, routine, or applicability to all instances.
- Do not attach ~๋ง๋ค to verbs; instead, use ~(์ผ)ใน ๋๋ง๋ค for actions.
Quick Recap Quiz
- How do you say "every morning" using ~๋ง๋ค?
- Answer:
์์นจ๋ง๋ค
- Answer:
- Which is correct to mean "every time I eat": ๋จน๋ค๋ง๋ค or ๋จน์ ๋๋ง๋ค?
- Answer:
๋จน์ ๋๋ง๋ค
- Answer:
- Fill in the blank:
ํ์______ ์๊ฒฌ์ด ๋ฌ๋ผ์.- Answer:
ํ์๋ง๋ค (Each student has a different opinion.)
- Answer:
- How do you express "I exercise every day" in Korean?
- Answer:
๋ ๋ง๋ค ์ด๋ํด์.
- Answer:
- True or False:
~๋ง๋ค can be attached to verbs.- Answer:
False
- Answer:
This completes the detailed explanation of the Korean grammar point ~๋ง๋ค ([mada]) meaning "every."
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