Korean Grammar Point
~๋งˆ๋‹ค [mada] (Every)

Used to express a recurring or regular occurrence: 'every'.

Formation

Noun + ๋งˆ๋‹ค

Examples

์ €๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์•„์นจ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ผ์ฐ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Jeoneun maeil achimmada iljjik ileonaseo undongeul hamnida.

I wake up early and exercise every morning.

์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์›Œ์š”.

Yeohaengeul gal ttaemada saeroun saramdeureul mannaseo maeu heungmirowoyo.

Whenever I go traveling, I meet new people and it's very interesting.

ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํœด์‹์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Testeuga kkeutnal ttaemada hyusigeul jogeumssik chwihabnida.

I take a bit of a rest every time a test ends.

์ผ์ฃผ์ผ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„์„œ๊ด€์— ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Iljuilmada hangugeoreul gongbuhagi wihae doseogwane gamnida.

I go to the library to study Korean every week.

Long Explanation

'~๋งˆ๋‹ค [mada]' is a postposition in Korean used to express repetition or a recurring pattern. It corresponds to 'every' in English, indicating that something happens each time, every instance, or every unit of the specified noun.

Detailed Grammar Notes

Processing keyword: ~๋งˆ๋‹ค [mada] (Every)

Korean Grammar Point: ~๋งˆ๋‹ค [mada] (Every)

1. Introduction

In Korean, the particle ~๋งˆ๋‹ค ([mada]) is used to express the meaning of "every" or "each." It is attached directly to nouns to indicate regularity or repetition in time, space, or occurrences.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning

  • ~๋งˆ๋‹ค means "every," "each," or "per."
  • It denotes that an action or event happens regularly at certain intervals or applies to every instance of something.

Structure

  • Noun + ~๋งˆ๋‹ค

Formation Diagram

[Noun] + ๋งˆ๋‹ค

Examples of Nouns:

  • ๋‚  (day)
  • ์‹œ๊ฐ„ (hour)
  • ์‚ฌ๋žŒ (person)
  • ์ง‘ (house)

Full Structure:

  • ๋‚  + ๋งˆ๋‹ค = ๋‚ ๋งˆ๋‹ค (every day)
  • ์‹œ๊ฐ„ + ๋งˆ๋‹ค = ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋งˆ๋‹ค (every hour)
  • ์‚ฌ๋žŒ + ๋งˆ๋‹ค = ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋งˆ๋‹ค (each person)
  • ์ง‘ + ๋งˆ๋‹ค = ์ง‘๋งˆ๋‹ค (every house)

Visual Aid: Table

Noun + ๋งˆ๋‹ค Meaning
๋‚  (day) ๋‚ ๋งˆ๋‹ค Every day
์ฃผ (week) ์ฃผ๋งˆ๋‹ค Every week
๋‹ฌ (month) ๋‹ฌ๋งˆ๋‹ค Every month
ํ•ด (year) ํ•ด๋งˆ๋‹ค Every year
์‚ฌ๋žŒ (person) ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋งˆ๋‹ค Each person

3. Comparative Analysis

Comparing ~๋งˆ๋‹ค with Similar Grammar Points

~๋งˆ๋‹ค vs. ~(์œผ)ใ„น ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค

  • ~๋งˆ๋‹ค
    • Attached directly to a noun.
    • Means "every" or "each."
    • Example: ์ฃผ๋งˆ๋‹ค (every week)
  • ~(์œผ)ใ„น ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
    • Attached to a verb stem.
    • Means "whenever" or "every time (something happens)."
    • Example: ๋ณผ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค (every time I see)

~์”ฉ

  • ~์”ฉ
    • Indicates distribution, meaning "each" or "apiece."
    • Focuses on the amount or quantity.
    • Example: ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ (one each)
  • Difference:
    • ~๋งˆ๋‹ค emphasizes time intervals or every instance.
    • ~์”ฉ emphasizes distribution to individuals.

4. Examples in Context

Example Sentences

  1. ๋‚ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์šด๋™ํ•ด์š”.
    • I exercise every day.
  2. ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ฒ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์™€์š”.
    • The bus comes every hour.
  3. ํ•™์ƒ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์š”.
    • Each student has a different opinion.
  4. ์ง‘๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ฝƒ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
    • Every house has flowers.
  5. ๋„์‹œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์š”.
    • Every city has a different culture.
  6. ์‹œํ—˜๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ข‹์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์–ด์š”.
    • I got good scores on every exam.
  7. ์ฃผ๋ง๋งˆ๋‹ค ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์š”.
    • I meet my friends every weekend.
  8. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ทจํ–ฅ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์š”.
    • Each person has different tastes.

Context Variations

  • Formal Speech
    • ํšŒ์˜๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
      • There is a meeting every month.
  • Informal Speech
    • ์ฃผ๋ง๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ญ ํ•ด?
      • What do you do every weekend?
  • Written Context
    • ์ด ์ฑ…์€ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
      • This book has illustrations on every page.
  • Spoken Context
    • ๋ฒ„์Šค๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„๋งˆ๋‹ค ์™€์š”?
      • How often does the bus come?
        (Literally: "The bus comes every how many minutes?")

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

  • In Korean culture, punctuality and regularity are valued.
  • Expressions like ~๋งˆ๋‹ค are commonly used to discuss schedules, routines, and cultural norms.
  • Using ~๋งˆ๋‹ค conveys a sense of consistency and reliability.

Idiomatic Expressions

  • ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
    • Used with verbs to express "every time."
    • Example:
      ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜์š”.
      I think of you every time it rains.
  • ๊ณณ๊ณณ๋งˆ๋‹ค
    • Means "everywhere" or "in every place."
    • Example:
      ๋ด„์—๋Š” ๊ณณ๊ณณ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ฝƒ์ด ํ”ผ์–ด์š”.
      In spring, flowers bloom everywhere.
  • ๋ฒˆ๋งˆ๋‹ค
    • Means "every time" or "each time."
    • Example:
      ์ „ํ™”ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํ†ตํ™” ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
      Every time I called, the line was busy.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Common Mistakes

  1. Attaching ~๋งˆ๋‹ค to Verbs or Adjectives
    • Incorrect:
      ๋จน๋‹ค๋งˆ๋‹ค
    • Correct:
      ๋จน์„ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค (Every time I eat)
  2. Using ~๋งˆ๋‹ค with Countable Nouns Incorrectly
    • Incorrect:
      ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์„ธ ๊ฐœ ์ƒ€์–ด์š”.
      (I bought three apples every apple.)
    • Correct:
      ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์”ฉ ์ƒ€์–ด์š”.
      (I bought three apples each.)

Tips

  • **Attach ~๋งˆ๋‹ค directly to nouns without any changes.
  • For expressing "every time" with verbs, use ~(์œผ)ใ„น ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค.
  • Mnemonic Device:
    Think of ๋งˆ๋‹ค as "every matter" โ€” every noun it attaches to becomes "every [noun]."

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

  • ~๋งˆ๋‹ค is used to express "every" or "each" when attached to nouns.
  • It emphasizes regularity, routine, or applicability to all instances.
  • Do not attach ~๋งˆ๋‹ค to verbs; instead, use ~(์œผ)ใ„น ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค for actions.

Quick Recap Quiz

  1. How do you say "every morning" using ~๋งˆ๋‹ค?
    • Answer:
      ์•„์นจ๋งˆ๋‹ค
  2. Which is correct to mean "every time I eat": ๋จน๋‹ค๋งˆ๋‹ค or ๋จน์„ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค?
    • Answer:
      ๋จน์„ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
  3. Fill in the blank:
    ํ•™์ƒ______ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์š”.
    • Answer:
      ํ•™์ƒ๋งˆ๋‹ค (Each student has a different opinion.)
  4. How do you express "I exercise every day" in Korean?
    • Answer:
      ๋‚ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์šด๋™ํ•ด์š”.
  5. True or False:
    ~๋งˆ๋‹ค can be attached to verbs.
    • Answer:
      False

This completes the detailed explanation of the Korean grammar point ~๋งˆ๋‹ค ([mada]) meaning "every."


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