Korean Grammar Point
~๋„๋ก [dorok] (So that)

Used to express โ€˜so thatโ€™ or โ€˜in order toโ€™.

Formation

Verb stem + ๋„๋ก / Noun + ์ด/๊ฐ€ + Adjective + ๋„๋ก

Examples

์•ผํ–‰์„ฑ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋„๋ก ์•ผ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.

Ya-haengseong dongmuldeureul bodorok yagan saparie gagiro haesseoyo.

We decided to go to a night safari so that we could see nocturnal animals.

์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.

Uri moduga ihaehal su itdorok ganguireul cheoncheonhi hae juseyo.

Please give the lecture slowly so that we can all understand.

๋‚™์—ฝ์ด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์น˜์›Œ์ง€๋„๋ก ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ๋‹น์„ ์“ธ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.

Nagyeobi ppalli chiwojidoroะบ jugijeogeuro madangeul sseureosseoyo.

I swept the yard periodically so that the leaves would be cleared away quickly.

๋น„๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ผญ ๋‹ซ์•„ ๋‘์—ˆ์–ด์š”.

Bibarami deureo-oji antorok changmuneul kkok dada dueosseoyo.

I shut the windows tightly so that the storm wouldnโ€™t blow in.

Long Explanation

'~๋„๋ก [dorok]' is a grammatical form used in Korean to express an intended purpose or result, similar to 'so that' or 'in order to' in English. It can also indicate cause-and-effect relationships or give instructions for achieving a particular outcome.

Detailed Grammar Notes

Processing keyword: ~๋„๋ก [dorok] (So that)

Korean Grammar Point: ~๋„๋ก [dorok] (So that)

1. Introduction

The Korean grammar ending ~๋„๋ก is a versatile expression used to indicate purpose, extent, or method. It translates to "so that," "in order to," or "to the point where" in English. Understanding how to use ~๋„๋ก will enhance your ability to express goals, reasons, and the manner of actions in Korean.


2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning and Usage

~๋„๋ก is attached to the verb stem to express:

  1. Purpose or Intention: Indicating the aim or goal of an action.
  2. Extent or Degree: Describing the extent to which an action is done.
  3. Method or Manner: Explaining how an action should be carried out.

Structure

Formation

To use ~๋„๋ก, follow this simple structure:

[Verb Stem] + ๋„๋ก
  • Verb Stem: Remove ๋‹ค from the dictionary form of the verb.
  • ๋„๋ก: Attach directly to the verb stem.

Formation Diagram

Verb (Dictionary Form) Verb Stem + ๋„๋ก Result
๊ฐ€๋‹ค (to go) ๊ฐ€ ๋„๋ก ๊ฐ€๋„๋ก
๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋‹ค (to study) ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋„๋ก ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋„๋ก
๋จน๋‹ค (to eat) ๋จน ๋„๋ก ๋จน๋„๋ก

Visual Aid: Structure Breakdown

[Action Verb Stem] + ๋„๋ก
  โ†“
๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜ + ๋„๋ก = ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋„๋ก

3. Comparative Analysis

Comparing with Similar Grammar Points

~๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด(์„œ) (In order to)

Grammar Point Usage Nuance
~๋„๋ก So that, to the extent Focuses on the method or extent
~๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด(์„œ) In order to Emphasizes the purpose or intent
  • Difference: While both indicate purpose, ~๋„๋ก can also express extent or manner, whereas ~๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด(์„œ) is strictly used for purpose.

Example Comparison

  • ~๋„๋ก: ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. (I explained so that they understand.)
  • ~๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ: ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. (I explained in order to understand.)

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

Purpose or Intention

  1. Formal Written
    • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ง€๋ฆ„๊ธธ๋กœ ๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
    • Let's take a shortcut so that we save time.
  2. Casual Spoken
    • ์žŠ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋ฉ”๋ชจํ•ด ๋‘ฌ.
    • Make a note so that you don't forget.

Extent or Degree

  1. Descriptive
    • ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚˜๋„๋ก ์›ƒ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • I laughed to the point of tears.
  2. Emphatic
    • ๊ท€๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋„๋ก ์ถ”์› ์–ด์š”.
    • It was so cold that my ears almost fell off.

Method or Manner

  1. Instructional
    • ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
    • Please speak loudly so that everyone can hear.
  2. Request
    • ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋„๋ก ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
    • Let's check in advance so that there are no problems.

Various Contexts

  • Polite Formal
    • ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • I explained in detail so that the students could understand.
  • Casual Informal
    • ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ํŽธํ•˜๋„๋ก ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•‰์•„.
    • Sit here so that you're comfortable.
  • Written Formal
    • ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • Please be cautious so that accidents do not occur.

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

  • Emphasis on Collective Well-being: In Korean culture, actions are often taken with consideration for others. Using ~๋„๋ก can reflect this by expressing actions done so that others might benefit.

Levels of Politeness and Formality

  • Versatile Usage: ~๋„๋ก is appropriate in both formal and informal contexts. The level of politeness is adjusted through the verb endings that follow.

Idiomatic Expressions

  • ๋ผˆ์— ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์น˜๋„๋ก: To the bone (deeply moving or affecting).
    • ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ง์ด ๋ผˆ์— ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์น˜๋„๋ก ์™€ ๋‹ฟ์•˜๋‹ค.
    • His words touched me deeply to the bone.
  • ๋ฐค์ƒˆ๋„๋ก: All night long.
    • ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐค์ƒˆ๋„๋ก ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • We talked all night long.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

  1. Incorrect Verb Attachment:
    • Mistake: ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•˜๋„๋ก์šด๋™ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • Correction: ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•˜๋„๋ก ์šด๋™ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • I exercised to the point of exhaustion.
  2. **Confusing with ~๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋‹ค:
    • ~๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋‹ค is a separate grammar structure meaning "to make sure to" or "try to."
    • Example: ๋Šฆ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. (Please make sure not to be late.)

Learning Strategies

  • Mnemonic Device: Remember "Do Rock" โ€“ Do something so that a "rock-solid" result is achieved.
  • Practice Sentences: Create your own sentences using verbs you commonly use.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

  • ~๋„๋ก is used to express purpose, extent, or method.
  • Attach ~๋„๋ก directly to the verb stem.
  • It is versatile and can be used in various contexts and levels of speech.

Quick Recap Quiz

  1. What does ~๋„๋ก express when attached to a verb stem?
    • Answer: Purpose/intention, extent/degree, or method/manner of an action.
  2. How do you form a sentence using ~๋„๋ก with the verb ๋จน๋‹ค (to eat)?
    • Answer: ๋จน๋„๋ก (Attach ~๋„๋ก to the stem ๋จน).
  3. Translate the following sentence using ~๋„๋ก:
    • "I study hard so that I can pass the test."
    • Answer: ์‹œํ—˜์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•ด์š”.

By mastering ~๋„๋ก, you enhance your ability to articulate intentions and describe actions more vividly in Korean. Keep practicing by incorporating this grammar point into your daily conversations!


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