Japanese essentials
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くるしむ
to suffer
Verb
Kanojo wa hebii sumookaa de, ima wa kitsuen o yameru tame ni kurushinde iru.
She is a heavy smoker and is now suffering to quit smoking.
Jinsei de shiren ni kurushimu koto wa, wareware o yori tsuyoku seichou saseru.
Suffering through hardships in life makes us grow stronger.
ころぶ
to fall down/over
Verb
Kaidan de koronde ashi o kega shita.
I fell down the stairs and injured my leg.
Yuka ga nureteita tame, kare wa koronde shimatta.
He slipped and fell because the floor was wet.
ひやす
to cool, to chill
Verb
Mizu o hiyasu no ni jikan ga kakaru.
It takes time to cool down the water.
Atsui nomimono o sukoshi hiyashite kara nomu to ii.
It's best to drink hot beverages after cooling them down a bit.
かぞえる
to count
Verb
Tori no kazu o kazoeru no wa muzukashii.
It is difficult to count the number of birds.
Hoshi o kazoeru no wa muri da.
It is impossible to count the stars.
ふやす
to increase
Verb
Shūnyū o fuyasu hōhō o kangaenakereba naranai.
We must think of ways to increase our income.
Risuku o yokeru tame ni, tōshi o fukusū no meigara ni bunsan shite fuyasu hitsuyō ga arimasu.
To avoid risk, it is necessary to increase investments by diversifying them among multiple stocks.
うく
to float
Verb
Kumo ga sora ni uite iru.
The clouds are floating in the sky.
Suimen ni ha ga uite ita.
Leaves were floating on the water surface.
はずす
to take off, to unfasten, to undo
Verb
Kare wa shatsu no botan o hitotsu hazushite, rirakkusu shita kakkou o shiteita.
He unbuttoned one button on his shirt and looked relaxed.
Daietto chu ni janku fuudo o taberu no wa, mokuhyou kara hazurete shimau.
Eating junk food while on a diet deviates from the goal.
to arrange, to put in order
Verb
Ribingu ni kagu o soroemashita
I gathered all the furniture in the living room.
Samui kisetsu ni sonaete, boukangu o soroete oita hou ga ii
It's better to prepare and gather cold-weather gear for the cold season.
ひきだす
to withdraw
Verb
Watashi no aidea o hikidasu tame ni, tomodachi to hanashiaimashita.
I discussed with my friends to bring out my ideas.
Kare no sainou o hikidasu tame ni wa tekisetsu na shidou ga hitsuyou da.
Proper guidance is needed to bring out his talent.
むす
to steam
Verb
Yasai o musu no wa eiyouka o takameru yoi houhou desu
Steaming vegetables is a good way to increase their nutritional value.
Sakana o musu koto de, assari to shita aji o tanoshimu koto ga dekimasu
By steaming fish, you can enjoy a light and delicate taste.
わける
to divide, to share
Verb
Kashi o mina ni wakete agemashou
Let's share the sweets with everyone.
Shigoto o chiimu ni wakete kouritsu o ageta
We divided the work among the team to increase efficiency.
まわす
to turn
Verb
Kare wa bōru o mawasu no ga umai
He is good at spinning the ball.
Watashi wa sutoobu no tsumami o mawashite ondo o ageta
I turned the knob of the stove to raise the temperature.
to row, to pedal
Verb
Jitensha o kogu no ga suki desu.
I like pedaling a bicycle.
Kanojo wa maia_sa, kawazoi o jitensha o koide tsukin shiteimasu.
She commutes to work every morning by pedaling her bicycle along the river.
くらす
to live
Verb
Inaka de nonbiri to kurasu no ga yume desu.
Living a relaxed life in the countryside is my dream.
Kare wa hitori de apaato ni kurasu shiteimasu.
He lives alone in an apartment.
to boil
Verb
Tamago o yuderu noni nanbun kakarimasu ka?
How many minutes does it take to boil an egg?
Men o yuderu mae ni, oyu o wakashiteoite kudasai
Before boiling the noodles, please heat the water.
できあがる
to be completed
Verb
Kono ke-ki wa mousugu dekiagaru deshou.
This cake will be ready soon.
Keikaku ga nerinaosarete, atarashii puran ga dekiagatta.
The plan was revised and a new plan was completed.
to stir-fry
Verb
Yasai o itameru no ni saitekina abura o tsukau koto ga ryouri no pointo da
Using the right oil for stir-frying vegetables is a key point in cooking.
Tofu to nin'niku o issho ni itameru to fuumi ga masu
Stir-frying tofu and garlic together enhances the flavor.
おぼれる
to (almost/nearly) drown
Verb
Kare wa kawa de obore-sō ni natta
He almost drowned in the river.
Kodomo wa mizubukai puuru de oboreru kiken ga aru
Children are at risk of drowning in deep pools.
やくす
to translate
Verb
Kono bunshou o eigo ni yakushite kudasai
Please translate this sentence into English.
Kare wa shigoto de yoku bunsho o yakusu koto ga arimasu
He often translates documents at work.
ふる
to shake to wave
Verb
Kare wa genki o furishibotte tachiagatta
He mustered up all his energy and stood up.
Kanojo wa burashi o futte fuku o yogore kara kirei ni shita
She brushed off the dirt from her clothes, making them clean.
こす
to pass, to exceed
Verb
Seiseki wa heikin o kosu koto ga dekimashita
I was able to surpass the average score.
Kare no supiido wa joushiki o kosu hayasa datta
His speed was beyond common sense.
すすめる
to advise, to suggest, to recommend
Verb
Sono eiga o susumeru node, zehi mite kudasai.
I recommend that movie, so please watch it by all means.
Tomodachi ga kono hon o susumeta node, yonde miru koto ni shimashita.
My friend recommended this book, so I decided to give it a read.
たちあがる
to stand up
Verb
Kare wa suwatte ita isu kara tachiagatta
He stood up from the chair he was sitting on.
Hitori ga tachiagaru to, mina mo tachiagatta
When one person stood up, everyone else did so as well.
のりこす
to go past one's stop
Verb
Densha o norikoshi te shimatta
I accidentally rode the train past my stop.
Kippu no kuukan o noriko shite shimai sou da
I might end up riding beyond the limit of my ticket.
はく
to throw up, to spit
Verb
Yopparatte kyuu ni haite shimatta
I got drunk and suddenly threw up.
Kare wa fune ni yotte haite shimatta
He got seasick and vomited.
そだてる
to bring up, to raise
Verb
Kodomo o yoi kankyou de sodateru koto ga taisetsu desu.
It is important to raise children in a good environment.
Ryoushin wa watashitachi san'nin no shimai o sodatemashita.
My parents raised the three of us sisters.
ふりむく
to turn around, to look back
Verb
Kanojo ga totsuzen furimuite, watashi ni hohoenda
She suddenly turned around and smiled at me.
Oto ga shite, mina ga furimuita
Everyone turned around when they heard the sound.
to grow, to bear (fruit)
Verb
Seichou suru koto de, hito wa kashikoku naru.
People become wiser as they grow.
Doryoku sureba, yume wa kanarazu kanau you ni naru.
If you work hard, your dreams will definitely come true.
うつす
to move (location), to transfer
Verb
Kare no kazoku wa inaka kara tokai ni hikkoshi o utsusu koto ni shita.
His family decided to move from the countryside to the city.
Sono purojekuto chīmu wa kare no shokuseki o hoka no menbā ni utsusu koto o kettei shimashita.
The project team decided to transfer his responsibilities to other members.
とりけす
to cancel
Verb
Kinou no yakusoku o torikesu koto ni shimashita
I decided to cancel yesterday's promise.
Moushikomi o torikesu hitsuyou ga arimasu
I need to withdraw my application.
きにいる
to like
Verb
Kanojo wa atarashii doresu o totemo ki ni itta.
She really liked her new dress.
Sono aidea wa kare ni sugu ki ni irareta.
He took an immediate liking to that idea.
to grab
Verb
Kare wa isoide watashi no ude o tsukanda
He quickly grabbed my arm.
Kodomo wa hahaoya no te o shikkari tsukande ita
The child was holding his mother's hand tightly.
はく
to sweep
Verb
Niwa o haitte ochiba o atsumemashita.
I swept the garden and gathered fallen leaves.
Kanojo wa maiasa, ie no mawari o haiteimasu.
She sweeps around the house every morning.
かさねる
to pile up, to stack
Verb
Hon o nando mo yomikasaneru koto de, rikai ga fukamari masu
By reading a book many times, your understanding deepens.
Kono uwagi wa usui node, samui toki wa nanmai mo kasaneru hitsuyou ga arimasu
This jacket is thin, so you need to layer it with multiple layers when it's cold.
だまる
to fall silent, to stop talking
Verb
Kare wa shitsumon ni damatteita
He remained silent when asked a question.
Kanojo wa nanimo iwazu ni damatte tatteita
She stood there silently without saying anything.
しずむ
to sink
Verb
Fune ga shizumu mae ni, joukyaku wa kyuumei booto ni hinan shita.
Before the ship sank, the passengers evacuated to the lifeboats.
Taiyou ga shizumu toki, sora wa akaku somarimasu.
When the sun sets, the sky turns red.
to peel
Verb
Heiwa o nakusu koto wa, sekai ni totemo eikyou o ataeru
Losing peace has a great impact on the world.
Kono mura no kodomo-tachi wa, dandan nakunatteiru
The children in this village are gradually disappearing.
めだつ
to stand out, to be distinctive
Verb
Kanojo no akai doresu wa hontouni medatsu.
Her red dress really stands out.
Sono eiga no posutaa wa, azayakana iro de medatteiru.
The movie poster stands out with its vivid colors.
おいかける
to chase, to run after
Verb
Kare wa dorobou o oikakete, zenryoku de hashitta.
He chased the thief and ran with all his might.
Neko wa kotori o oikakete ki ni nobotta.
The cat chased the little bird and climbed the tree.
あわてる
to be in a flurry
Verb
Kaji ga okita toki, kare wa ateru amari kagi o oki wasureta.
When the fire broke out, he was so flustered that he forgot to pick up his keys.
Shiken kaishi no 5 bun mae, gakusei-tachi wa doushitemo kotaerarenai mondai ni deai, ateru.
5 minutes before the exam starts, the students encounter a question they can't answer and panic.
とじる
to close
Verb
Doa o tojiru toki wa shizuka ni shite kudasai
Please close the door quietly when you close it.
Kanojo wa mado o tojite danbou o tsuketa
She closed the window and turned on the heating.
やすめる
to rest, to have a rest
Verb
Shigoto no aima ni sukoshi yasumeru jikan ga hoshii.
I want some time to rest a little during breaks from work.
Shuumatsu ni yukkuri yasumeru to, sutoresu ga herimasu.
If you can rest well on weekends, your stress will decrease.
まげる
to bend
Verb
Kare wa kami o mageru tte hikouki o tsukutta
He bent the paper and made a paper airplane.
Kinzoku bou o orimageru koto ga dekimasen
I cannot bend the metal rod.
to go around, to be in fashion
Verb
Saikin, kenkou-shoku ga hayatte iru.
Recently, healthy food is becoming popular.
Ano fasshonburando ga wakamono no aida de hayatte iru.
That fashion brand is popular among young people.
むく
to face, to turn toward
Verb
Sono shigoto wa kare ni muite iru
That job suits him well.
Kanojo wa shourai, kyouiku ni muite iru to omoimasu
I think she is suitable for a career in education in the future.
うりきれる
to sell out
Verb
Ninkishouhin dakara, sugu ni urikireru deshou
Because it's a popular product, it will probably sell out quickly.
Kinou no konsaato wa chiketto ga hayaku urikireta
The tickets for yesterday's concert sold out quickly.
ひく
to draw (a line)
Verb
Kare wa omoi nimotsu o hiite iru.
He is pulling the heavy luggage.
Hikidashi o hiite shorui o toridashita.
I pulled the drawer and took out the documents.
まなぶ
to study, to learn
Verb
Nihongo o manabu no wa tanoshii desu
Learning Japanese is fun.
Watashi wa atarashii gengo o manabu koto ga suki desu
I like learning new languages.
さめる
to get cold
Verb
Kare ga itte iru koto ni kyoumi o motou to suru ga, sugu ni kyoumi ga samete shimau.
I try to take an interest in what he's saying, but my interest quickly wanes.
Kanojo no taido ni tai shite, kare no kimochi ga same hajimeta.
His feelings began to cool down towards her attitude.
のびる
to become longer, to grow
Verb
Kare no kaisha wa kyuusoku ni seichou shite nobiru deshou.
His company is growing rapidly and is likely to expand.
Ganbareba, jibun no nouryoku wa nobiru darou.
If you work hard, your abilities will probably grow.
かんじる
to feel
Verb
Kanojo no kotoba ni anshinkan o kanjita
I felt a sense of relief from her words.
Sono eiga o miru to, natsukashisa o kanjimasu
When I watch that movie, I feel nostalgic.
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