Processing keyword: Verb 出す (~dasu)

Japanese Grammar Point: Verb 出す (~dasu)

1. Introduction

In this lesson, we'll explore the Japanese grammar point Verb + 出す (～だす), which is used to express the sudden start or emergence of an action. This construction adds vividness to your expressions, allowing you to describe actions that begin abruptly.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

Meaning

The Verb + 出す structure conveys that an action begins suddenly or spontaneously. It emphasizes the unexpected or abrupt start of an activity.

• To start to ~
• To begin to ~
• To burst into ~

Structure

To form this grammar pattern, attach 出す (だす) to the ます-stem (verb stem) of a verb.

Formation Diagram

[Verb (ます-stem)] + 出す

Examples of Formation

Base Verb	ます-stem	+ 出す	Verb + 出す	Meaning
笑う (わらう) - to laugh	笑い	出す	笑い出す	To burst into laughter
走る (はしる) - to run	走り	出す	走り出す	To start running
泣く (なく) - to cry	泣き	出す	泣き出す	To burst into tears

Visual Aid

Formation of Verb + 出す

+--------------+----------+-------------+
| Base Verb    | ます-stem | Verb + 出す |
+--------------+----------+-------------+
| 飛ぶ (とぶ)   | 飛び      | 飛び出す     |
| 書く (かく)   | 書き      | 書き出す     |
| 降る (ふる)   | 降り      | 降り出す     |
+--------------+----------+-------------+

3. Comparative Analysis

Comparing 出す with 始める

While both ～出す and ～始める mean "to start doing something," there is a subtle difference:

• ～出す (～だす): Implies a sudden or unexpected start of an action.
• ～始める (～はじめる): Simply indicates the beginning of an action, without the nuance of suddenness. Examples:

1. 雨が降り出した。
   • It suddenly started to rain.
2. 雨が降り始めた。
   • It began to rain.

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. 子どもたちが急に泣き出した。
   • The children suddenly started crying.
2. 彼は笑い出して止まらない。
   • He burst into laughter and can't stop.
3. 電車が動き出した。
   • The train started moving.
4. 彼女は部屋を飛び出した。
   • She burst out of the room.
5. その歌を聞いて、彼は歌い出した。
   • Upon hearing that song, he started singing.

Formal and Informal Contexts

• Formal: 会議中に彼は話し出しました。
  • He started speaking during the meeting.
• Informal: 急に雨が降り出したね。
  • It suddenly started raining, didn't it?

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

In Japanese storytelling and daily conversation, expressing the sudden onset of actions adds emotional depth and immediacy. Using Verb + 出す helps capture moments of surprise or spontaneity, which is essential in conveying experiences vividly.

Idiomatic Expressions

• 飛び出す (とびだす): To leap out or dash out suddenly.
• 降り出す (ふりだす): To begin to rain or snow suddenly.
• 思い出す (おもいだす): To recall or remember (Note: While 思い出す uses the same 出す, it is a fixed expression meaning "to recall.")

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

1. Using the Dictionary Form Instead of the ます-stem
   • Incorrect: 笑う出す
   • Correct: 笑い出す Tip: Always use the ます-stem of the verb before adding 出す.
2. **Confusing with ～始める
   • Forgetting the nuance of suddenness can lead to incorrect expressions.
   • Example: Without suddenness: 映画が始まった。(The movie started.)
   • With suddenness (less common): 映画が始め出した。(The movie suddenly started.)

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Think of 出す (だす) as "putting out" or "emerging," which can help you remember that the action emerges or starts suddenly.
• Practice: Create sentences using verbs you know, adding 出す to express sudden actions.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• Verb + 出す is used to express the sudden start of an action.
• Formed by attaching 出す to the ます-stem of a verb.
• Adds a nuance of spontaneity or unexpectedness to the action.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. How do you form the Verb + 出す structure?
2. What nuance does 出す add to the verb it attaches to?
3. Translate into Japanese: "She suddenly started crying."

Answers

1. Attach 出す to the ます-stem of the verb.
2. It indicates that the action begins suddenly or spontaneously.
3. 彼女は急に泣き出した。

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By understanding and practicing this grammar point, you'll be able to express sudden actions naturally, adding more depth to your Japanese communication skills.

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