Processing keyword: Verb + 続ける (つづける, tsuzukeru)

Japanese Grammar Point: Verb + 続ける (つづける, tsuzukeru)

Verb + 続ける (つづける, tsuzukeru)

1. Introduction

The construction of Verb + 続ける (tsuzukeru) is an important aspect of Japanese grammar that expresses the idea of continuing or persisting in an action. Understanding this structure enables learners to convey the duration or ongoing nature of their actions more effectively.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

The verb 続ける (つづける, tsuzukeru) means “to continue” or “to keep doing.” When attached to the stem form of a verb, it indicates that the action of that verb is still ongoing or has been sustained.

Structure

• Basic Structure: Verb Stem + 続ける
• Formation:
  • To form the stem of the verb, remove the ます (masu) ending from the polite form of the verb.

Visual Aid: Formation Diagram

Meaning

• The action of the verb is persistently undertaken.
• It emphasizes ongoing nature rather than completion.

3. Comparative Analysis

Comparison with Other Structures:

• Verb + 終わる (owaru): Indicates completion of an action (e.g., 食べ終わる - to finish eating).
• Verb + ている (te iru): Indicates a state of being (e.g., 食べている - to be eating), while Verb + 続ける emphasizes the continuation of that action.

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. Formal:
   • 毎日運動を続けています。
     (Mai nichi undou o tsuzukete imasu.)
     I continue to exercise every day.
2. Informal:
   • 彼は勉強を続けているよ。
     (Kare wa benkyou o tsuzukete iru yo.)
     He is continuing to study.
3. Written:
   • このプロジェクトを来週も続けるつもりです。
     (Kono purojekuto o raishuu mo tsuzukeru tsumori desu.)
     I plan to continue this project next week as well.
4. Spoken:
   • これを続けるのは難しいと思う。
     (Kore o tsuzukeru no wa muzukashii to omou.)
     I think it's difficult to continue this.

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

The use of 続ける conveys persistence, a value esteemed in Japanese culture, reflecting the importance placed on perseverance and dedication in various aspects of life, including work or personal endeavors.

Idiomatic Expressions

• がんばり続ける (ganbari tsuzukeru): to keep doing one’s best
• 努力を続ける (doryoku o tsuzukeru): to continue making efforts

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

• Omitting the verb stem: Many learners mistakenly use the polite form of the verb instead of the stem.
  • Incorrect: 食べます続ける (tabemasu tsuzukeru)
  • Correct: 食べ続ける (tabetsuzukeru)

Learning Strategies

• Remember that 続ける expresses a 'continuation.' A helpful mnemonic could be to visualize a train that keeps on running without stopping.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• Verb + 続ける conveys the idea of ongoing action.
• It is formed by using the verb stem plus 続ける and emphasizes continuity.
• Compare it with similar structures to grasp the nuances of each one.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. What is the stem form of 食べます (tabemasu)?
2. How do you say "to continue studying" in Japanese?
3. True or False: 続ける expresses the completion of an action.

This format offers a comprehensive understanding of the grammar point Verb + 続ける (つづける), ensuring clarity and facilitating learning for English-speaking students.