Processing keyword: Verb + 続ける (つづける, tsuzukeru)
Japanese Grammar Point: Verb + 続ける (つづける, tsuzukeru)
1. Introduction
In this lesson, we'll explore the Japanese grammar pattern Verb + 続ける (つづける, tsuzukeru). This structure is commonly used to express the continuation of an action, similar to "to continue doing" or "to keep doing" something in English. Mastering this grammar point will enhance your ability to describe ongoing actions and habits in Japanese.
2. Core Grammar Explanation
Meaning
The structure Verb + 続ける is used to indicate that an action is being continued or repeated over a period of time. It emphasizes the persistence or ongoing nature of the action.
- English Equivalent: "to continue doing ~", "to keep on ~ing"
Structure
To form this pattern, attach 続ける to the ます-stem of a verb.
- Formation:
[Verb (ます-stem)] + 続ける
Formation Diagram
Let's break down the formation step by step:
- Start with the Dictionary Form of the Verb
Example: 書く (かく) - to write - Convert to the ます-stem
Remove 〜ます from the polite form (ます-form).- Polite Form: 書きます (かきます)
- ます-stem: 書き (かき)
- Add 続ける
- 書き + 続ける = 書き続ける (かきつづける) - to continue writing
Visual Aid
| Step | Japanese | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary Form | 食べる (たべる) | "to eat" |
| Convert to ます-stem | 食べ (たべ) | Remove 〜ます from 食べます |
| Add 続ける | 食べ続ける (たべつづける) | "to continue eating" |
3. Comparative Analysis
Similar Grammar Points
- Verb + 始める (はじめる): Indicates the start of an action.
- Example: 読み始める (よみはじめる) - to start reading
- Verb + 終わる (おわる): Indicates the completion of an action.
- Example: 書き終わる (かきおわる) - to finish writing
Differences
- 続ける focuses on the continuation of an action over time.
- 始める and 終わる signal the beginning or end of an action, respectively.
4. Examples in Context
Sentence Examples
- 彼は毎日ジムで運動し続けています。
Kare wa mainichi jimu de undou shi tsudzukete imasu.
He continues to exercise at the gym every day. - 私は日本語を勉強し続けるつもりです。
Watashi wa Nihongo o benkyou shi tsudzukeru tsumori desu.
I intend to keep studying Japanese. - 雨が降り続けている。
Ame ga furi tsudzukete iru.
It keeps raining. - 彼女は笑い続けた。
Kanojo wa warai tsudzuketa.
She kept on laughing. - この問題について考え続けなければなりません。
Kono mondai ni tsuite kangae tsudzukenakereba narimasen.
We must continue thinking about this problem.
Context Variations
- Formal Speech:
研究を続けます。
Kenkyū o tsudzukemasu.
I will continue the research. - Casual Conversation:
ゲームをやり続けよう！
Gēmu o yari tsudzukeyou!
Let's keep playing the game!
5. Cultural Notes
Cultural Relevance
In Japanese culture, perseverance and continuous effort are highly valued traits. The concept of 継続は力なり (Keizoku wa chikara nari), meaning "Continuity is the father of success," reflects the importance of persistence. Using 続ける conveys dedication and commitment, aligning with these cultural values.
Idiomatic Expressions
- 頑張り続ける (がんばりつづける): To keep doing one's best.
- 生き続ける (いきつづける): To continue living.
- 走り続ける (はしりつづける): To keep running.
6. Common Mistakes and Tips
Error Analysis
- Using the Dictionary Form Instead of the ます-stem
- Incorrect: 食べる続ける (たべるつづける)
- Correct: 食べ続ける (たべつづける)
- Attaching 続ける Directly to Nouns
- Incorrect: 勉強続ける (べんきょうつづける)
- Correct: 勉強し続ける (べんきょうしつづける)
Learning Strategies
- Remember the ます-stem: Always convert the verb to its ます-stem before adding 続ける.
- Verb Type Practice: Practice with different verb groups to become comfortable with forming the ます-stem.
- Group 1 Verbs: Remove the 〜ます ending.
- Group 2 Verbs: Remove る and add 〜ます to find the stem.
7. Summary and Review
Key Takeaways
- Verb + 続ける is used to express the continuation of an action.
- Attach 続ける to the ます-stem of verbs.
- It's a versatile pattern applicable in formal and casual contexts.
- Aligns with cultural values emphasizing perseverance.
Quick Recap Quiz
- How do you form the "Verb + 続ける" structure?
- Translate to Japanese using 続ける: "She keeps studying every night."
- Identify and correct the mistake:
彼は走る続けています。
Answers
- Form by attaching 続ける to the ます-stem of the verb:
[Verb (ます-stem)] + 続ける - 彼女は毎晩勉強し続けます。
Kanojo wa maiban benkyou shi tsudzukemasu. - Incorrect: 彼は走る続けています。
Correct: 彼は走り続けています。
Kare wa hashiri tsudzukete imasu.
By understanding and practicing this grammar point, you'll be able to express ongoing actions effectively, adding depth to your Japanese communication skills. Keep practicing and 学び続けましょう (manabi tsudzukemashou) — let's continue learning!