Processing keyword: ～ばかりか (〜bakarika) ～も (mo)

Japanese Grammar Point: ～ばかりか (〜bakarika) ～も (mo)

Grammar Point: ～ばかりか (～bakarika) ～も (mo)

1. Introduction

The grammar point ～ばかりか (bakarika) is used to indicate that not only is something the case, but also something else is true, often amplifying the statement. When combined with ～も (mo), it emphasizes additional information or examples.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

Meaning: The structure conveys that something is true ("not only X") and adds onto it ("but also Y"), enhancing the idea. Structure:

• The first part uses ばかりか (bakarika) followed by the predicate (noun/adjective/verb).
• The second part introduces も (mo) to express additional information.

Formation Diagram

[Predicate 1] ばかりか、[Predicate 2] も

Examples of Structure

• Noun: 学生 (gakusei)
  • 学生ばかりか、教師もいます。(gakusei bakarika, kyōshi mo imasu.)
  • Not only are there students, but there are also teachers.
• Verb: 食べる (taberu)
  • 野菜ばかりか、肉も食べる。(yasai bakarika, niku mo taberu.)
  • Not only do I eat vegetables, but I also eat meat.

3. Comparative Analysis

• Similar Grammar: ～だけでなく (dake de naku)
  • This phrase is also used to express "not only... but also", but ばかりか (bakarika) carries a stronger nuance, suggesting surprise or emphasis. Example:
• だけでなく: 日本だけでなく、外国にも行く。(Nihon dake de naku, gaikoku ni mo iku.)
  • Not only (do I go) to Japan, but also to foreign countries.
• ばかりか: 日本ばかりか、次の旅行はアメリカも行く。(Nihon bakarika, tsugi no ryokō wa Amerika mo iku.)
  • Not only Japan, but I am also going to the USA on my next trip. (More emphatic)

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. Formal Context:
   • この問題は難しいばかりか、解決方法もわからないです。
   • Translation: Not only is this problem difficult, but I also do not know the solution.
2. Informal Context:
   • 彼は勉強ばかりか、サッカーも上手だよ。
   • Translation: Not only is he good at studying, but he's also good at soccer.
3. Written Context:
   • 環境問題は私たちの生活に影響を与えるばかりか、未来世代にも悪影響を及ぼす。
   • Translation: Environmental issues not only affect our lives but also have a negative impact on future generations.
4. Spoken Context:
   • 友達ばかりか、家族も来るよ！
   • Translation: Not only my friends are coming, but my family is coming too!

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

This grammar point reflects the Japanese value of humility and respect. When discussing someone else's qualities or attributes, emphasizing their multifaceted nature with ～ばかりか (bakarika) shows deep appreciation and respect.

Idiomatic Expressions

A common phrase using this grammar point:

• 友達ばかりか家族も (tomodachi bakarika kazoku mo): "Not only friends but also family."

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

• Confusing with 別に～ない (betsu ni～nai): "Not particularly".
  • ばかりか (bakarika) adds emphasis to the affirmative, while 別に～ない indicates a lack of importance.

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Think "ばかりか" as "beyond just this".
  • Visualize a ladder going higher (more significant) when using this structure.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• Usage: Not only... but also...
• Structure: [Predicate 1] ばかりか、[Predicate 2] も
• Nuance: Stronger emphasis compared to similar grammar.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. How do you structure a sentence using ～ばかりか?
2. Compare ～ばかりか with ～だけでなく. What's the difference?
3. Provide an example sentence using ～ばかりか in a formal context. Feel free to try creating your own sentences with this grammar point!