Japanese JLPT Grammar Point
~ないで (〜naide)

Express 'without doing ~' or 'without ~ing'.

Formation

Verb-ない-form + で

Examples

会わないでその電話をかけました。

Awanai de sono denwa wo kakemashita.

I made the phone call without meeting them.

雨が降るのを待たないで、家を出ました。

Ame ga furu no wo matanai de, ie wo demashita.

I left the house without waiting for it to rain.

誰にも聞かないで、その秘密を知りました。

Dare ni mo kikanai de, sono himitsu wo shirimashita.

I found out the secret without asking anyone.

遅れることを知らないで、駅に向かいました。

Okureru koto wo shiranai de, eki ni mukaimashita.

I headed to the station without knowing I was late.

Long Explanation

The ~ないで grammar point is used to express the idea of 'without doing something' or 'without ~ing' in English. It is formed by attaching the ない-form of the verb and adding で (de). This is used for expressing when an action is not taken or avoided, without interfering with the main action.

Detailed Grammar Notes

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