Processing keyword: ~하여서는 안 되다 [hayeoseoneun an doeda] (Must not)

Korean Grammar Point: ~하여서는 안 되다 [hayeoseoneun an doeda] (Must not)

Grammar Point: ~하여서는 안 되다 (hayeoseoneun an doeda) - Must Not

1. Introduction

The expression "~하여서는 안 되다" is used to indicate that something is prohibited or should not be done. It conveys a strong sense of restriction or warning against a particular action.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

• Meaning: "Must not" or "should not."
• Structure: The structure consists of the verb stem followed by "하여서는" (hayeoseoneun) and "안 되다" (an doeda).
  • Formation Diagram:

    Verb stem + 하여서는 + 안 되다
    

Visual Aids

Example Formation

• If the verb is "가다" (gada – to go):
  • 가 + 하여서는 안 되다 → "가서는 안 되다" (gaseoneun an doeda) - "Must not go."

3. Comparative Analysis

• Similar Grammar Points:
  • ~면 안 되다 (myeon an doeda) - also expresses prohibition but is a bit softer.
    • Example: "이 버튼을 누르면 안 돼요." (I beoteun-eul nudeulmyun an dwaeyo) - "You must not press this button."

Differences

• ~하여서는 안 되다 emphasizes stronger prohibition compared to ~면 안 되다, which can feel more polite or less forceful.

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. Formal:

   • Korean: "이 회의에서 개인적인 이야기를 하여서는 안 됩니다."
   • Translation: "You must not talk about personal matters in this meeting."

2. Informal:

   • Korean: "그거 먹으면 안 해!"
   • Translation: "You must not eat that!"

3. Written:

   • Korean: "이 연구에서 타인의 아이디어를 도용하여서는 안 된다."
   • Translation: "You must not plagiarize others' ideas in this research."

4. Spoken:

   • Korean: "잡담하였서는 안 돼."
   • Translation: "You must not chit-chat."

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

• In Korean culture, the language reflects levels of politeness. The structure "~하여서는 안 되다" is formal and carries a sense of seriousness, often used in official contexts, warnings, or rules. It is important to use appropriate levels of formality based on the situation and audience.

Idiomatic Expressions

• There aren’t many idiomatic expressions directly using this structure, but it is often used in situations like warnings or rules, such as school rules or workplace etiquette.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

• A common mistake is using a casual verb form instead of the appropriate formal one when stating prohibitions. For example, saying "가면 안 돼" (gamyun an dwae) instead of using a more formal structure when in a serious context.

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Remember that "하여서는 안 되다" is like a traffic light; "red" means stop. You cannot proceed with the action you are discussing.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• Usage: "~하여서는 안 되다" indicates that an action is prohibited.
• Formality: This expression is formal and used in serious contexts.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. What does "~하여서는 안 되다" mean?

   • Answer: Must not / Should not.

2. Compare "하여서는 안 되다" with "면 안 되다." What is one key difference?

   • Answer: "하여서는 안 되다" is a stronger prohibition than "면 안 되다."

3. Provide an example sentence using "~하여서는 안 되다."

   • Answer: "학교에서는 휴대폰을 사용하여서는 안 됩니다." (You must not use your cellphone at school.)