Processing keyword: ~하여서는 안 되다 [hayeoseoneun an doeda] (Must not)

Korean Grammar Point: ~하여서는 안 되다 [hayeoseoneun an doeda] (Must not)

~하여서는 안 되다 [hayeoseoneun an doeda] (Must Not)

1. Introduction

In Korean, expressing prohibition or strong advice against doing something is essential for clear communication. The grammar pattern ~하여서는 안 되다 is used to indicate that something must not or should not be done. This pattern is important for forming sentences that convey rules, prohibitions, or moral imperatives.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning

The expression ~하여서는 안 되다 translates to "must not" or "should not" in English. It is used to strongly advise against an action or to state that an action is prohibited.

Structure

The structure combines a verb stem with the grammar pattern to form the complete expression:

[Verb Stem] + -아/어/여서는 안 되다

Formation Diagram

3. Comparative Analysis

Similar Grammar Points

• ~(으)면 안 되다: Also means "must not" or "should not," but is used slightly differently.
  • Example: 여기에서 담배를 피우면 안 됩니다. (You must not smoke here.) Difference:
• ~하여서는 안 되다 emphasizes the prohibition and often carries a stronger moral or social implication.
• ~(으)면 안 되다 is more common in everyday speech for general prohibitions.

4. Examples in Context

Formal Context

1. 교실에서 떠들어서는 안 됩니다.
   • You must not make noise in the classroom.
2. 중요한 자료를 외부로 유출해서는 안 됩니다.
   • You must not leak important data outside.

Informal Context

1. 밤에 늦게까지 게임을 해서는 안 돼.
   • You shouldn't play games until late at night.
2. 친구의 비밀을 다른 사람에게 말해서는 안 돼.
   • You must not tell your friend's secret to others.

Written Context

1. 이 약은 의사와 상담 없이 복용해서는 안 됩니다.
   • You must not take this medicine without consulting a doctor.

Spoken Context

1. 그렇게 무례하게 행동해서는 안 돼요.
   • You must not behave so rudely.

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

In Korean culture, respect for rules and social norms is highly valued. Using ~하여서는 안 되다 reflects a strong emphasis on prohibitions, often related to societal expectations or moral standards.

Levels of Politeness

• The pattern ~하여서는 안 되다 is polite and formal, suitable for written communication or formal spoken contexts.
• In informal situations, ~하면 안 돼 is more commonly used.

Idiomatic Expressions

• 선을 넘어서서는 안 된다: You must not cross the line.
  • This idiom uses the pattern to express exceeding acceptable behavior.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

• Mistake: Using the wrong connecting vowel.

  • Incorrect: 가어서는 안 된다.
  • Correct: 가서는 안 된다.

• Mistake: Mixing with similar grammar patterns.

  • Confusing ~하여서는 안 되다 with ~해도 된다 (may do).

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Think of 안 되다 as "not become," meaning the action should not happen.
• Practice: Create sentences using verbs you commonly use to familiarize yourself with the pattern.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• ~하여서는 안 되다 is used to express "must not" or "should not" do something.
• It carries a strong sense of prohibition, often used in formal contexts.
• Correct formation depends on the verb stem and its ending vowel.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. Fill in the blank with the correct form: 너는 거짓말을 ___________ 안 된다.
2. Is 먹어서는 안 된다 correctly formed to mean "must not eat"?
3. Translate to Korean using ~하여서는 안 되다: "You must not enter this room."

Answers:

1. 해서는 – 너는 거짓말을 해서는 안 된다.
2. Yes, it is correctly formed.
3. 이 방에 들어와서는 안 됩니다.