Korean Grammar Point
~케 하다 [ke hada] (To make)

~케 하다 [ke hada] (To make)

Short explanation:

Used to express causing someone or something to be in a certain state.

Formation:

Descriptive verb stem + 케 하다

Examples:

그녀는 자기 듣기 좋은 음악만 틀어주케 했어요, 그래서 저희 모두 그녀의 선택에 만족했어요.
Geunyeoneun jagi deudgi joheun eumagman teureojuke haeosseoyo, geuraeseo jeohui modu geunyeo-ui seontaege manjokhaesseoyo.
She made it so that we only played music she liked to listen to, so we were all satisfied with her choice.
제가 엄마를 걱정되는 일이 없도록 해야겠어요, 그래서 엄마가 마음 편히 쉴 수 있케 해야 할 거예요.
Jega eomma-reul geokjeongdoeneun iri eobsdorok haeyagessseoyo, geuraeseo eomma-ga maeum pyeonhi swil su isske haeya hal geoyeyo.
I should make it so that there are no worries for my mother, so I should make her feel at ease.
그는 아이들이 크는 동안에 자기가 데려다 주지 않으면 학교에 갈 수 없게 했어요.
Geuneun aideuri keuneun dongan-e jagiga deryeoda juji anh-eumyeon hakgyoe gal su eobsge haess-eoyo.
He made it so that the children could not go to school unless he took them there while they were growing up.
나는 방이 어수선해 보이지 않게 침대 위의 옷들을 청소하케 했어요.
Naneun bang-i eossseonhae boiji anhke chimdaewiui osdeul-eul cheongsohake haess-eoyo.
I made the room not look messy by cleaning the clothes on the bed.

Long explanation:

'~케 하다 [ke hada]' is a verb ending used in Korean to express the action of causing or making someone or something to be in a certain state or condition. The verb or adjective that goes in front of '~케 하다' describes the state or condition that the subject causes. It is often equivalent to 'make' or 'let' in English. Note, the verb or adjective before '케' needs to be in the descriptive verb stem form.

Detailed Grammar notes:

Processing keyword: ~케 하다 [ke hada] (To make)

Korean Grammar Point: ~케 하다 [ke hada] (To make)

Grammar Point: ~케 하다 [ke hada] (To make)

1. Introduction

The Korean grammar structure ~게 하다 (ke hada) is used to indicate that someone is "making" someone or something do an action or to be in a certain way. It can also express the idea of causing a situation to occur.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

  • Meaning: ~게 하다 translates to "make (someone) do (something)" or "cause (someone) to be (something)."
  • Structure: The structure is formed by taking an adjective or a verb, changing its final vowel/consonant (if needed), and then attaching 하다.

Formation Diagram

[Adjective/Verb Stem] + 게 하다

Visual Aids

Original Form ~게 하다 Form English Translation
크다 (keuda) 크게 하다 (keuge hada) make (something) big
좋다 (jota) 좋게 하다 (johge hada) make (something) good
공부하다 (gongbuhada) 공부하게 하다 (gongbuhage hada) make (someone) study

3. Comparative Analysis

Similar Grammar Points

  • ~지다 (jida): This grammar point indicates a change into a certain state, translating to "to become."

    • Example: 행복해지다 (haengbokhaejida) - "to become happy."
  • ~게 되다 (ge doeda): This points to an unintentional change or outcome.

    • Example: 갈 수 있게 되다 (gal su ikge doeda) - "to end up being able to go." Key Difference: While ~지다 indicates a state change, and ~게 되다 focuses on the outcome, ~게 하다 emphasizes causation.

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

  1. Formal: 선생님은 학생들을 열심히 공부하게 하셨습니다.
    (The teacher made the students study hard.)
  2. Informal: 엄마가 나를 집에 일찍 가게 해요.
    (My mom makes me go home early.)
  3. Written: 이 영화를 감동적으로 만들기 위해 감독은 배우들이 더 자연스럽게 연기하게 했다.
    (To make this movie emotional, the director made the actors act more naturally.)
  4. Spoken: 친구가 나를 웃게 하려고 농담했어.
    (My friend joked to make me laugh.)

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

Using ~게 하다 often reflects the hierarchy and politeness within Korean society. It shows respect towards the subject of the action, especially in formal settings.

Levels of Politeness

  • When using ~게 하다, be aware of the politeness level you want to convey, as it can change based on the social relationship between speakers.

Idiomatic Expressions

  • 기분 좋게 하다 (gibun johge hada): "to make (someone) feel good."
  • 즐거운 시간을 가지게 하다 (jeulgeoun sigan-eul gajige hada): "to make (someone) have a good time."

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

  • Incorrect Use: Confusing ~게 하다 with just 하다.
    • Mistake: 저를 공부하게 하는 거예요. (should be "make me study")
    • Correction: 저를 공부해요. (this means "I study")

Learning Strategies

  • Mnemonic Device: Remember the purpose of ~게 하다 as a “catalyst” for action – it serves to create a change in behavior or state.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

  • ~게 하다 indicates causation, meaning "to make (someone) do (something)."
  • It is formed by taking a verb or adjective and adding 하다.
  • Important in understanding interpersonal dynamics in Korean culture.

Quick Recap Quiz

  1. What does ~게 하다 mean?
  2. Give an example of using ~게 하다 in a formal sentence.
  3. How does ~지다 differ from ~게 하다? Feel free to ask any questions or request further elaboration on specific parts!
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