Processing keyword: ~만 하다 [man hada] (Only, just)

Korean Grammar Point: ~만 하다 [man hada] (Only, just)

Grammar Point: ~만 하다 [man hada] (Only, just)

1. Introduction

The Korean grammar structure ~만 하다 is commonly used to indicate that something is limited to a specific extent or quantity, often translated as "only" or "just." This structure is frequently employed in both spoken and written Korean to emphasize limitations or simplicity.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

• Meaning: The structure ~만 하다 indicates that the subject or object in question is minimal or equivalent to a certain degree. It conveys the idea that what's being discussed is the only option or is not more than what is being specified.

• Structure: The basic formation of ~만 하다 is as follows:

  • [Noun] + 만 하다

  • Example: "이제 만 하다" (It is just this now)

Formation Diagram

[Noun] + 만 하다

• Noun: The subject or object you are referring to.
• 만: Emphasizes exclusivity or limitation.
• 하다: The verb "to do" in the context.

3. Comparative Analysis

Compared With Similar Grammar Points

• ~뿐이다 (ppunida): This also indicates limitation but can sound more formal and is often used when stressing that something is the only option.

  • Example Comparison:
    • ~만 하다: "이 돈이 만 원이에요." (This money is only 10,000 won.)
    • ~뿐이다: "이 돈은 만 원뿐이에요." (This money is only 10,000 won, with a slight extra emphasis.)

Nuances: While both can express limitation, ~만 하다 is slightly more casual and versatile.

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. Formal Context:

   • "이 문제는 5분 만 하겠습니다."
     (I will only spend 5 minutes on this issue.)

2. Informal Context:

   • "너무 피곤해서 잠만 잘 거야."
     (I’m so tired, I’ll just sleep.)

3. Written Context:

   • "이 연구는 한국어 말하기 연습만 다루고 있다."
     (This research only deals with speaking practice in Korean.)

4. Spoken Context:

   • "이거 해서 10,000 원 만 해."
     (This costs just 10,000 won.)

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

Korean language emphasizes levels of politeness and formality by altering verb endings and structures. Using ~만 하다 conveys humility and modesty, often seen in Korean culture where bragging is avoided.

Idiomatic Expressions

• "참 오래된 사람만 하다."
  (Only an old person; refers to someone being very traditional or reluctant to change.)

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

• Incorrect Usage: Some learners might use ~만 하다 with verbs incorrectly.
  • Wrong: "나는 학교에 친구 만 하다."
    (Incorrect because the subject isn't clearly limited.)
  • Correct: "나는 학교에 친구와 만난다."
    (I meet only with friends at school.)

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Think of "only" for ~만. It can help to remember to use it when you want to limit or specify something as being minimal.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• ~만 하다 means "only" or "just."
• It indicates a limitation or simplicity regarding the noun that precedes it.
• Commonly used in casual conversation but can also appear in formal writing depending on context.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. What does ~만 하다 mean?
2. Provide an example of ~만 하다 in a sentence.
3. How does ~만 하다 differ from ~뿐이다? Reviewing these points will help solidify your understanding of this grammar structure!