Processing keyword: A のやら B のやら (A noyara B noyara)

Japanese Grammar Point: A のやら B のやら (A noyara B noyara)

JLPT Grammar Lesson: A のやら B のやら (A のやら B のやら)

1. Introduction

In this lesson, we'll explore the Japanese grammar point A のやら B のやら (A noyara B noyara). This expression is used to convey uncertainty or indecisiveness between two contrasting options. It's commonly used to describe situations where the speaker is unsure whether it's A or B, often reflecting confusion or mixed emotions.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning

A のやら B のやら is used to express:

• Uncertainty between two options: "Whether it's A or B"
• A mix of emotions or states: "Half A, half B"
• Indecisiveness or confusion: "I don't know if it's A or B"

Structure

The basic structure is:

[Plain form] + のやら + [Plain form] + のやら

Formation

• Verbs: Use the plain form (dictionary form).
• い-adjectives: Use the plain form.
• な-adjectives: Attach な before のやら.
• Nouns: Attach な before のやら.

Formation Diagram

3. Comparative Analysis

Similar Grammar Points

1. 〜やら〜やら:
   • Usage: Lists multiple examples or items, similar to "such as... and...".
   • Example: 本やらノートやらで机がいっぱいだ。
     Translation: The desk is full of things like books and notebooks.
2. 〜か〜か:
   • Usage: Poses alternatives or choices, "whether... or...".
   • Example: 行くか行かないか決めてください。
     Translation: Please decide whether you will go or not.

Differences

• A のやら B のやら emphasizes uncertainty or inability to decide between A and B, often conveying confusion or mixed feelings.
• 〜やら〜やら simply lists items or examples without expressing uncertainty.
• 〜か〜か directly presents choices or alternatives, often seeking a decision.

4. Examples in Context

Example Sentences

1. 彼は嬉しいのやら悲しいのやら、複雑な表情をしていた。 Translation: He had a complex expression, as if he was happy or sad.
2. 道に迷って、進むのやら戻るのやら、どうすればいいかわからない。 Translation: Having lost my way, I don't know whether to go forward or turn back.
3. そのニュースを聞いて、驚くのやら信じられないのやら、呆然としていた。 Translation: Upon hearing the news, I was stunned, not knowing whether to be surprised or unbelieving.
4. 雨が降るのやら降らないのやら、はっきりしない天気だ。 Translation: The weather is uncertain, I can't tell whether it will rain or not.
5. 試験に合格したのやらしていないのやら、結果を待つ間は落ち着かない。 Translation: Waiting for the results, I can't stay calm, not knowing whether I passed the exam or not.

Context Variations

• Formal Context: This expression can be used in formal writing or speeches to articulate nuanced feelings.
• Spoken Language: In conversation, it expresses genuine confusion or mixed emotions.

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

Japanese communication often values subtlety and indirect expressions. Using A のやら B のやら allows speakers to express uncertainty or complex emotions without stating things too directly.

Levels of Politeness

While the structure itself is neutral, politeness can be adjusted through context and additional polite forms.

• Polite Form Example:
  彼が来るのやら来ないのやら、わかりません。
  Translation: I don't know whether he will come or not.

Idiomatic Expressions

• 泣くのやら笑うのやら: An idiomatic phrase meaning "not knowing whether to cry or laugh."

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Common Mistakes

1. Omitting 'の' Before 'やら'
   • Incorrect: 彼が来るやら来ないやら
   • Correct: 彼が来るのやら来ないのやら
2. Using Polite Forms Before 'のやら'
   • Incorrect: 行きますのやら
   • Correct: 行くのやら

Tips

• Remember the 'の': Always include の before やら to connect it properly.
• Use Plain Forms: Verbs and adjectives should be in their plain (dictionary) forms before のやら.
• Practice Set Phrases: Familiarize yourself with common expressions using this pattern to grasp its usage.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• Usage: A のやら B のやら expresses uncertainty or indecision between two options.
• Structure: Use the plain form of verbs and adjectives, insert な for nouns and な-adjectives, and always include の before やら.
• Cultural Nuance: Reflects the Japanese preference for indirect expression of feelings and uncertainty.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. Fill in the blanks: 喜ぶ___驚く___、彼は言葉を失った。 Answer: 喜ぶのやら驚くのやら、彼は言葉を失った。
2. True or False: You should use the polite form of the verb before のやら. Answer: False. Use the plain (dictionary) form before のやら.
3. Translate into Japanese: "I don't know whether it's a dream or reality." Answer: 夢なのやら現実なのやらわからない。

By understanding and practicing A のやら B のやら, you can more effectively express uncertainty and nuanced feelings in Japanese. Keep practicing with different verbs and adjectives to become comfortable with this expression!