Processing keyword: い-Adjective く する-なる (i-Adjective kusuru-naru)

Japanese Grammar Point: い-Adjective く する-なる (i-Adjective kusuru-naru)

い-Adjective く する-なる (i-Adjective kusuru-naru)

Introduction

The grammar point い-adjective くする/なる is used to express a change in state or condition. It combines an i-adjective with the verbs する (suru - to do) and なる (naru - to become) to indicate that something has changed or is changing.

Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

1. Structure:
   • くする: Used to express the act of making something that has been modified by an i-adjective.
   • くなる: Used to express a change into the state described by an i-adjective.
2. Formation:
   • Take an i-adjective and change the い (i) to く (ku).
   • Bind く (ku) with する (suru) or なる (naru).

Visual Aids

Here is a quick formation diagram:

Original i-Adjective	Change to く (ku)	+ する (suru) / なる (naru)	Meaning
高い (takai - high)	高く (takaku)	高くする / 高くなる	To make high / To become high
安い (yasui - cheap)	安く (yasuku)	安くする / 安くなる	To make cheap / To become cheap
忙しい (isogashii - busy)	忙しく (isogashiku)	忙しくする / 忙しくなる	To make busy / To become busy

Comparative Analysis

• する (suru) vs. なる (naru):
  • する: Implies an active change or effort (to make something do something).
    • Example: 高くする (takaku suru) - to make it high.
  • なる: Implies a natural change or transition (to become something).
    • Example: 高くなる (takaku naru) - to become high.

Similar Points

• い-adjective + く (ku): Simply changing the adjective without a verb.
• な-adjective + に (ni): Similar structure for な-adjectives (e.g., きれいにする - to make clean).

Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. Formal:

   • この料理は高くなりました。 (Kono ryouri wa takaku narimashita.)
   • Translation: This dish has become expensive.

2. Informal:

   • この花は大きくなったよ！ (Kono hana wa ookiku natta yo!)
   • Translation: This flower has gotten big!

3. Written:

   • 彼は元気にするために運動をしている。(Kare wa genki ni suru tame ni undou wo shite iru.)
   • Translation: He exercises to make himself healthy.

4. Spoken:

   • もう少し楽しくした方がいいよ。(Mou sukoshi tanoshiku shita hou ga ii yo.)
   • Translation: It's better to make it a bit more fun.

Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

In Japanese culture, expressing change with くする / くなる reflects an understanding of the dynamic nature of situations. It's common in both social and business contexts to discuss improvements, changes in circumstances, and efforts made to become better.

Levels of Politeness

The usage of くする and くなる can vary in politeness:

• です/ます form is more formal and polite (e.g., 高くなります - takaku narimasu).
• Casual form is often used among friends (e.g., 高くなる - takaku naru).

Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

• Mistake: Using the adjective form directly instead of converting it:
  • Incorrect: 「彼は嬉しいします。」 (Kare wa ureshii shimasu.)
  • Correct: 「彼は嬉しくします。」 (Kare wa ureshiku shimasu.)

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Remember that する is like a "do" action (making a change), while なる implies "becoming" (a state change).
• Practice with different adjectives to familiarize yourself with the structure.

Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• い-adjective くする/なる is used to express a change of state using i-adjectives.
• くする indicates an active change, while くなる indicates a passive state change.
• Pay attention to levels of politeness when using these forms in different contexts.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. How do you form the く (ku) form of an i-adjective?
2. What is the difference between using する and なる with an i-adjective?
3. Give an example sentence using 高くする. Feel free to ask any questions to clarify your understanding!